Reading the diff
Red lines exist only in the original; green lines only in the changed version. A line that was edited shows on both sides with the removed words struck through on the left and the new words highlighted on the right. Line numbers refer to each version separately, so they drift apart after an insertion.
Comparing from the command line
diff -u old.txt new.txt # unified diff git diff --no-index a.txt b.txt # git's diff for any two files git diff --word-diff # word-level, like this page
Comparing structured data? Run both sides through the JSON formatter first so key order and indentation don't drown out real changes.